The Siwa Oasis, a paradise of greenery in the middle of Egypt’s arid western desert, is a geological phenomenon of notable scientific interest. Not only is this oasis a fascinating tourist destination, it also provides a natural laboratory for geologists seeking to understand the intricate processes that have shaped this desert wonder. Let’s delve into the technical and precise data on the geological formation of the Siwa Oasis, including the depth of the groundwater and its relationship with sea level.

1. Underlying Geology

The Siwa Oasis is located in a geological basin surrounded by mountains and hills, located in the western desert of Egypt. Geologically, this basin was formed as a result of tectonic movements during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic, which included the uplift of mountains and the formation of faults that confined the oasis area.

2. Underground Aquifers

One of the most distinctive features of the Siwa Oasis is the presence of underground aquifers that feed the oasis’ springs and wells. These aquifers were formed over millions of years through rainwater infiltration and recharge from surrounding mountains. The permeability of the rock layers allows water to slowly seep underground, where it accumulates in underground aquifers.

3. Depth of Groundwater

The depth of groundwater in the Siwa Oasis varies depending on the location and local geological conditions. In some areas, water may be found only a few meters below the surface, while in other areas it may be at much greater depths. Hydrogeological studies have been carried out to determine the distribution and depth of aquifers in the region, using techniques such as well drilling and geophysical mapping.

4. Relationship with Sea Level

The depth of groundwater in the Siwa Oasis is closely related to sea level and aquifer recharge patterns. In general, aquifers in Egypt’s Western Desert are found at significant depths due to the region’s elevation above sea level. However, aquifer recharge can be affected by changes in sea level and precipitation patterns, which may have implications for long-term oasis water availability.

5. Scientific and Environmental Importance

The study of the geological formation of the Siwa Oasis and the hydrology of the underground aquifers is of great scientific and environmental importance. Understanding the processes that control the distribution and availability of water in the oasis is essential for the sustainable management of water resources and the conservation of the unique oasis ecosystem. Furthermore, this knowledge can help prevent overexploitation and contamination of the aquifers, ensuring that the oasis remains a vital desert refuge for many years to come.